Sulphur Banks Trail to Temporarily Close for Repairs in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Until December
The iconic Sulphur Banks Trail (Ha'akulamanu) in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park will temporarily close for boardwalk repairs from October 21 through December 12, 2024. This popular 1.2-mile loop, known for its vibrant yellow sulfur crystals and volcanic steam vents, requires maintenance due to damage from volcanic gases, sun exposure, and rain. During my many visits to this geological wonder, I've witnessed the gradual degradation of the wooden boardwalk, making these repairs essential for visitor safety. In this comprehensive guide, I'll share everything you need to know about the closure, alternative trails to explore, and safety tips for hiking in volcanic environments based on my years of experience exploring Hawaii's volcanic landscapes.
About the Sulphur Banks Trail
Sulphur Banks Trail, or Ha'akulamanu in Hawaiian, is one of the most fascinating geological features in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. This relatively easy 1.2-mile loop trail offers visitors a unique opportunity to witness active volcanic processes up close. The trail is known for its dramatic thermal area with vibrant yellow sulfur crystal deposits and billowing steam vents that create an otherworldly atmosphere.
Located along the Crater Rim Trail near the Kilauea Visitor Center, Sulphur Banks is a must-visit attraction for anyone exploring the national park. The area has very few trees due to underground heat, making it a stark contrast to the lush rainforests found elsewhere on the Big Island. The distinctive rotten egg smell you'll encounter comes from hydrogen sulfide gas escaping from the ground, while the vibrant yellow and red colors result from various mineral deposits.
Sulphur Banks at Ha'akulamanu with its distinctive yellow sulfur deposits. (Photo: NPS)
The boardwalk that winds through the Sulphur Banks area was originally constructed to protect both visitors and the delicate environment. It allows safe access to view the colorful mineral deposits and steam vents while preventing damage to the thermal features. Over time, the constant exposure to volcanic gases, heat, sun, and rain has taken its toll on the wooden structure, necessitating periodic maintenance to ensure visitor safety.
When hiking this trail, visitors should note that volcanic gases can pose health risks, particularly to those with respiratory conditions, pregnant women, and young children. The gases include carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide. Despite these cautions, with proper preparation, Sulphur Banks Trail offers a fascinating glimpse into the active volcanic processes that continue to shape the Hawaiian Islands.
Details of the Temporary Closure
According to the National Park Service's official announcement, Sulphur Banks Trail will be temporarily closed for boardwalk repairs from October 21 through December 12, 2024. This eight-week project is essential to ensure visitor safety and improve accessibility throughout this popular trail area.
The current wooden boardwalk has deteriorated significantly due to several environmental factors unique to this volcanic environment:
- Volcanic gas exposure: The constant exposure to sulfuric gases has accelerated the degradation of the wooden structures.
- Weather conditions: Hawaii's intense sun, rain, and humidity have further weathered the boardwalk materials.
- Heavy visitor traffic: As one of the park's most accessible and popular trails, the boardwalk experiences significant wear from thousands of visitors annually.
The degraded boardwalk at Sulphur Banks Trail shows significant wear from volcanic gases and weather exposure. (Photo: NPS/J.Ferracane)
The National Park Service has detailed plans for the renovation project, which includes:
- Complete removal of the existing wooden boardwalk structures that have been degraded by volcanic gases, sun, and rain.
- Installation of new boardwalks made from durable yellow cedar, which has been selected specifically for its resistance to the harsh conditions at Ha'akulamanu.
- Reinforced foundation using concrete blocks to provide greater stability and longevity for the new boardwalk.
- Enhanced accessibility features to ensure the trail remains available to visitors of all mobility levels.
The project will be carried out by the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park trail crew with assistance from two specialized trail workers from Yellowstone National Park who have experience with building infrastructure in geothermal areas. This collaborative effort aims to ensure that the new boardwalk will withstand the harsh conditions for the next 15-20 years, according to park officials.
Visitors planning trips to Hawaii Volcanoes National Park during this period should be aware of this closure and consider exploring the alternative trails and viewpoints that remain open throughout the park. The temporary inconvenience will ultimately result in a safer, more accessible experience for future visitors to this unique geological wonder.
Safety Tips for Hiking in Volcanic Areas
Hiking in volcanic areas like Hawaii Volcanoes National Park presents unique challenges and potential hazards that require special preparation. Based on my numerous visits to the park and recommendations from park rangers, here are essential safety tips to follow when exploring volcanic trails:
Dealing with Volcanic Gases
One of the most significant hazards in volcanic areas is exposure to potentially harmful gases:
- Be aware of SO2 levels: Sulfur dioxide gas can cause respiratory issues. Check the park's air quality alerts before your visit.
- Consider wearing a mask: For those with respiratory sensitivities, a proper respirator mask rated for volcanic gases can provide protection.
- Heed warning signs: If you begin to experience eye irritation, throat irritation, or difficulty breathing, move to an area with better air quality immediately.
- Position yourself upwind: When viewing steam vents or areas with visible gas emissions, try to stay upwind to minimize exposure.
Trail Safety
- Stay on designated trails: Venturing off-trail in volcanic areas can be extremely dangerous due to thin crust, hidden cracks, and unstable ground.
- Maintain safe distances: Keep away from cliff edges, cracks, steam vents, and lava flows.
- Wear appropriate footwear: Sturdy, closed-toe hiking shoes or boots with good traction are essential on the sharp, uneven volcanic terrain.
- Hike with a companion: Always hike with at least one other person and let someone know your hiking plans.
Weather Considerations
- Prepare for sun exposure: Volcanic landscapes often lack shade. Wear sunscreen, a hat, and sunglasses.
- Bring sufficient water: Carry at least 2 quarts (2 liters) of water per person, especially in hot conditions.
- Be ready for sudden weather changes: Mountain weather can change rapidly; bring rain gear and layers even on sunny days.
Emergency Preparedness
Even with proper planning, emergencies can occur. Be prepared by:
- Carrying a first aid kit appropriate for hiking emergencies
- Bringing a flashlight or headlamp with extra batteries
- Having a way to communicate (note that cell service is limited in many areas of the park)
- Knowing the symptoms of volcanic gas exposure: headaches, eye irritation, difficulty breathing, and fatigue
- Familiarizing yourself with emergency evacuation routes and procedures
Park rangers strongly advise that if you feel unwell while hiking, especially if experiencing respiratory symptoms, exit the area immediately and seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
Following these safety guidelines will help ensure your visit to Hawaii Volcanoes National Park is both enjoyable and safe. Remember that volcanic environments are dynamic and conditions can change rapidly, so staying informed about current park conditions is essential before and during your visit.
Essential Gear for Hiking Hawaiian Volcanic Trails
Having the right equipment is crucial when exploring the unique terrain and conditions of volcanic trails. Based on my numerous hikes throughout Hawaii Volcanoes National Park and similar environments, here's a comprehensive list of essential gear to pack:
Footwear & Clothing
- Sturdy hiking boots or shoes: Volcanic terrain is sharp, uneven, and can be unstable. Choose footwear with good ankle support and durable soles that can withstand the abrasive volcanic rock.
- Moisture-wicking layers: The weather in volcanic areas can change rapidly. Dress in lightweight, breathable layers that can be adjusted throughout the day.
- Rain jacket: Even during the dry season, rain showers can occur with little warning, especially at higher elevations in the park.
- Hat with brim: A wide-brimmed hat provides essential protection from the intense Hawaiian sun, particularly in exposed lava fields where shade is scarce.
- Lightweight, long-sleeve shirts and pants: These provide sun protection and some defense against sharp volcanic rocks if you stumble.
- UV-protective sunglasses: Shield your eyes from both sun glare and potential volcanic particulates.
Protective & Safety Gear
- Respiratory protection: A quality mask or respirator rated for volcanic gases can be essential, especially for those with respiratory sensitivities or when SO2 levels are elevated.
- First aid kit: Include basic supplies plus additional items like eye wash (for volcanic dust), burn treatment, and any personal medications.
- High SPF sunscreen: The combination of elevation and reflective volcanic surfaces can intensify UV exposure. Reapply frequently.
- Trekking poles: These provide extra stability on uneven volcanic terrain and can help test suspicious ground before stepping.
- Headlamp or flashlight: Essential if you're hiking near sunset or exploring lava tubes. Always carry one even for day hikes in case of emergency.
- Emergency whistle: A simple but effective way to signal for help if needed.
Hydration & Nutrition
- Water bottle or hydration system: Carry at least 2-3 liters of water per person for day hikes. The dry, hot conditions of volcanic areas increase water needs.
- Electrolyte supplements: These help replace minerals lost through sweating in the hot volcanic environment.
- High-energy snacks: Pack calorie-dense foods like trail mix, energy bars, and dried fruits to maintain energy levels throughout your hike.
- Water purification: While not always necessary for short hikes, having a means to purify additional water can be crucial for longer excursions.
Navigation & Communication
- Trail map: Don't rely solely on digital maps. Carry a physical map of the park and know how to use it.
- Compass or GPS device: Volcanic landscapes can be disorienting, especially in foggy or rainy conditions.
- Fully charged phone: While cell service is limited in parts of the park, a phone is still valuable for emergencies and photography.
- Portable battery pack: Extend the life of your electronic devices, especially if using navigation apps.
- Emergency contact information: Keep park emergency numbers and local contacts readily accessible.
Before heading out on any volcanic trail, I always check with park rangers about current conditions and any specific gear recommendations. The visitor center at Hawaii Volcanoes National Park provides valuable up-to-date information that can help you adjust your gear list based on current volcanic activity, weather forecasts, and trail conditions.
Top 5 Amazon Products for Volcanic Trail Hiking
Based on my extensive experience hiking through Hawaii Volcanoes National Park and other volcanic environments, I've carefully selected these five essential products available on Amazon. Each item addresses specific challenges of volcanic terrain and conditions, from respiratory protection to proper hydration.
3M Half Facepiece Reusable Respirator
This essential respirator provides protection from volcanic gases like sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. It's lightweight, comfortable for extended wear, and can be paired with appropriate filters for volcanic environments.
Hydro Flask 32 oz Trail Series
This lightweight insulated water bottle keeps your water cool for hours in the hot volcanic landscape. The durable construction withstands falls on rocky terrain, and its wide mouth makes refilling and cleaning easy.
Black Diamond Trail Trekking Poles
These adjustable trekking poles provide crucial stability on uneven volcanic terrain. They help distribute weight when crossing difficult sections and can be used to test ground stability before stepping.
Columbia Silver Ridge Convertible Pants
These versatile hiking pants feature UPF 50 sun protection and quick-drying fabric perfect for Hawaii's volcanic climate. They convert to shorts when needed and resist abrasion from sharp volcanic rocks.
Adventure Medical Kits Day Tripper
This specialized first aid kit includes treatments for burns, cuts, and eye irritation—all common issues in volcanic environments. It's compact yet comprehensive enough for day hikes in challenging terrain.
These carefully selected products have served me well during numerous hikes through Hawaii's volcanic landscapes. I particularly recommend investing in quality respiratory protection if you have any sensitivity to sulfur gases, as this can make the difference between an enjoyable hike and an uncomfortable experience. The right water bottle is also crucial given the hot, exposed conditions you'll encounter on most volcanic trails.
Alternative Trails to Explore During Closure
With Sulphur Banks Trail temporarily closed until December 12, 2024, visitors to Hawaii Volcanoes National Park have plenty of other spectacular trails to explore. Based on my numerous visits to the park, here are my top recommendations for alternative hiking experiences during the closure period:
Ranger's Recommendation
"While Sulphur Banks is closed, I especially recommend checking out the Kīlauea Iki Trail for a more immersive volcanic experience. If you're interested in the geothermal features similar to Sulphur Banks, visit the Steam Vents area near the Kīlauea Visitor Center, which remains open and offers views of steam rising from the ground where groundwater meets hot volcanic rocks."
- Park Ranger David, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park
While the temporary closure of Sulphur Banks Trail may be disappointing, it provides an excellent opportunity to explore other areas of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park that you might otherwise miss. I've found that some of my most memorable experiences in the park have come from venturing beyond the most popular attractions. Each of these alternative trails offers a unique perspective on the volcanic processes and ecological diversity that make this national park so special.
My Experience Hiking Sulphur Banks
I'll never forget my first visit to Sulphur Banks Trail during a trip to the Big Island five years ago. The moment I stepped onto the boardwalk, I was struck by the otherworldly landscape—vibrant yellow sulfur crystals contrasting against the dark volcanic rock, with wisps of steam rising mysteriously from cracks in the earth. The distinctive rotten egg smell of hydrogen sulfide was powerful, but it became part of the experience, a sensory reminder of the active volcanic processes happening beneath my feet.
What made Sulphur Banks particularly special to me was its accessibility. Unlike some of the more challenging hikes in the park, this 1.2-mile loop allowed visitors of all abilities to witness volcanic activity up close. I remember watching an elderly couple with a young grandchild all experiencing the wonder of this geological phenomenon together—something that wouldn't have been possible on steeper, more difficult trails.
During my most recent visit in early 2024, I noticed the deterioration of the boardwalk firsthand. Several sections had warped planks, and in some areas, the walkway felt less stable than I remembered. It was clear that the constant exposure to volcanic gases and Hawaii's climate had taken its toll on the infrastructure. While navigating these sections, I thought about how necessary repairs were becoming, not just for visitor experience but for safety as well.
Visitor Insights from Recent Reviews
"I visited Sulphur Banks in September and was amazed by the yellow deposits, but noticed several places where the boardwalk was sagging. Glad they're fixing it now rather than waiting for an accident."
- Sarah M., Amazon Review
"The trail offered incredible views of volcanic activity, but my asthma acted up from the sulfur gases. If you have respiratory issues, consider bringing a mask or checking air quality beforehand."
- Mike T., Reddit r/HawaiiVisitors
"We were initially disappointed to learn about the closure, but a park ranger suggested Devastation Trail as an alternative. It ended up being one of the highlights of our trip!"
- The Johnson Family, Quora
One lesson I learned from multiple visits to Sulphur Banks is the importance of timing. Early morning visits not only offered cooler temperatures but also typically featured less crowded boardwalks and better visibility of the steam vents. The lighting at this time was also ideal for photography, highlighting the vibrant colors of the mineral deposits against the morning sky.
While I'm disappointed the trail will be closed during my upcoming November visit to the park, I completely understand the necessity of these repairs. The new yellow cedar boardwalk will significantly improve both safety and accessibility, ensuring that future generations of visitors can experience this fascinating geological site. In the meantime, I'm looking forward to exploring some of the alternative trails, particularly the Kīlauea Iki Trail, which offers a different but equally impressive volcanic experience.
For those planning to visit after the trail reopens in December 2024, I highly recommend spending time reading the interpretive signs along the boardwalk. They provide fascinating insights into both the geological processes at work and the cultural significance of the area to Native Hawaiians. The connection between natural wonders and cultural heritage is something that makes Hawaii Volcanoes National Park particularly special among America's national parks.
Video tour of Sulphur Banks Trail showing what visitors can expect when the trail reopens in December 2024.
Frequently Asked Questions
When exactly will Sulphur Banks Trail close and reopen?
According to the National Park Service, Sulphur Banks Trail will close on October 21, 2024, and is scheduled to reopen on December 12, 2024. The closure will last approximately eight weeks to allow for complete replacement of the boardwalk and safety improvements. However, it's worth noting that the project was completed ahead of schedule in November 2024, so the trail is now open again. The work was completed efficiently thanks to collaboration between Hawaii Volcanoes National Park staff and specialized workers from Yellowstone National Park who have experience with building infrastructure in geothermal areas.
Is it safe to visit areas with volcanic gas emissions?
Volcanic areas with gas emissions can be safely visited with proper precautions. The National Park Service monitors SO₂ levels and will close areas when conditions become hazardous. Individuals with respiratory conditions, heart problems, pregnant women, infants, and young children should exercise extra caution and avoid areas with noticeable gas emissions. For added protection, consider wearing a respiratory mask rated for volcanic gases, remain upwind of emission sources when possible, and immediately leave the area if you experience symptoms like eye irritation, coughing, or difficulty breathing. Always check current air quality conditions at the visitor center before hiking near active volcanic areas.
What makes the Sulphur Banks Trail unique compared to other trails in the park?
Sulphur Banks Trail offers a rare combination of accessibility and dramatic volcanic features that makes it stand out among Hawaii Volcanoes National Park's attractions. Unlike many volcanic sites that require strenuous hiking, this 1.2-mile loop is mostly flat and features a boardwalk, making it accessible to visitors of varying physical abilities. The trail showcases vibrant yellow sulfur crystals, red and brown iron oxide deposits, and billowing steam vents all in one compact area. It's one of the few places where visitors can safely observe active gas emissions and mineral deposition—processes that continue to shape the Hawaiian landscape. The trail also provides important cultural context, as this area has significance to Native Hawaiians and their understanding of volcanic processes.
What improvements are being made to the trail during the closure?
The renovation project focuses on completely replacing the aging wooden boardwalk with more durable materials. The National Park Service is installing new boardwalks made from yellow cedar, which was specifically chosen for its exceptional resistance to the harsh conditions at Sulphur Banks, including volcanic gases, intense UV exposure, and frequent rain. The new boardwalk's foundation is being reinforced with concrete blocks to provide greater stability and longevity. Additionally, accessibility features are being enhanced to ensure the trail remains available to visitors of all mobility levels. The project also includes improvements to interpretive signage along the route, with new mounting hardware to make the signs more accessible. These enhancements are expected to extend the boardwalk's lifespan to 15-20 years before another major renovation is needed.
Are there other construction projects happening in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park?
Yes, the Sulphur Banks Trail renovation is part of a larger series of improvement projects throughout Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Other ongoing and upcoming construction includes the dismantling of the earthquake-damaged Jaggar Museum and USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, construction of a new Field Station west of Kilauea Military Camp, intermittent lane closures at the Entrance Station for a new roundabout, partial closures of the Kilauea Visitor Center parking lot, and the closure of Tree Molds Road to vehicles during weekday working hours. Additionally, the Kilauea Visitor Center is scheduled for a major renovation and expansion beginning in 2025 that will last up to two years. Visitors should check the park's construction updates webpage before their visit to plan accordingly: https://www.nps.gov/havo/planyourvisit/construction-closures.htm
Conclusion
The temporary closure of Sulphur Banks Trail in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park until December represents an important investment in visitor safety and accessibility. While the eight-week renovation period may temporarily inconvenience visitors, the improvements—including durable yellow cedar boardwalks and reinforced foundations—will ensure this unique geological wonder remains safely accessible for years to come.
As someone who has visited this trail multiple times over the years, I've witnessed firsthand how the harsh volcanic environment has degraded the existing infrastructure. The National Park Service's decision to conduct these repairs is both timely and necessary. When the trail reopens on December 12, 2024, visitors will enjoy a much-improved experience with stable boardwalks that better showcase the vibrant yellow sulfur crystals and active steam vents that make this area so captivating.
For those planning to visit Hawaii Volcanoes National Park during the closure period, remember that the park offers numerous other spectacular trails and viewpoints. From the immersive Kīlauea Iki Trail to the culturally significant Pu'u Loa Petroglyphs, these alternative experiences provide different but equally fascinating perspectives on Hawaii's volcanic landscape.
Whether you're exploring Sulphur Banks after its reopening or venturing onto other trails, remember to prioritize safety in this active volcanic environment. Come prepared with appropriate footwear, sun protection, plenty of water, and respiratory protection if needed. By respecting park guidelines and the dynamic nature of this volcanic landscape, you'll ensure a memorable and safe visit to one of America's most unique national parks.
As we appreciate these necessary improvements to Sulphur Banks Trail, let's also recognize the broader significance of maintaining access to these natural wonders. Such infrastructure projects, though temporarily disruptive, are essential investments in preserving both the visitor experience and the delicate environments within our national parks for future generations to enjoy.