How to Get to Channel Islands National Park: Complete Transportation Guide 2025
Tired of having your camping trips ruined by relentless mosquitoes and ticks? After extensive testing and research, I've compiled this comprehensive guide to the best insect repellents for camping in 2025. Whether you're planning a weekend getaway or an extended wilderness adventure, protecting yourself from biting insects isn't just about comfort—it's essential for preventing potentially serious insect-borne diseases. Explore our top recommendations, safety considerations, and application tips to enjoy a bug-free camping experience. Visit NatureGuests.com for more outdoor adventure tips and gear recommendations.
Understanding Insect Repellents: Types and Effectiveness
When venturing into the great outdoors, particularly for camping trips, insect repellents become an essential part of your gear. Not only do they prevent the annoyance of itchy bites, but they also provide crucial protection against insect-borne diseases like Lyme disease, West Nile virus, and various forms of encephalitis. In recent years, tick-borne diseases have more than doubled in the United States, with expanded risk areas, making proper protection more important than ever.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there are several EPA-approved active ingredients that are both safe and effective for repelling insects. Let's explore the primary types of insect repellents available in 2025:
DEET
Effectiveness: High (2-12 hours protection, depending on concentration)
Recommended Concentration: 20-30% for general use
Pros: Long-established safety record, excellent effectiveness against a wide variety of insects including mosquitoes and ticks
Cons: Oily feel, strong odor, can damage plastics and synthetic fabrics, watches, fishing line, cameras, and other plastic items
DEET has been the gold standard in insect repellents since the 1940s and remains highly effective. A product with 25% DEET can provide up to 10 hours of protection according to EPA-approved labels, though real-world testing suggests closer to 5 hours of actual protection time.
Picaridin
Effectiveness: High (up to 14 hours at 20% concentration)
Recommended Concentration: 20%
Pros: Non-greasy, minimal odor, doesn't damage plastics or synthetic fabrics, equally effective as DEET with fewer drawbacks
Cons: Slightly more expensive than some DEET products
Picaridin is a synthetic compound created in the 1980s that has proven to be as effective as DEET—sometimes even slightly more effective against mosquitoes and equally effective against ticks. It's been gaining popularity due to its pleasant feel and lack of damage to gear and clothing.
Permethrin
Effectiveness: Very high for ticks (up to 6 weeks or 6 washings on treated gear)
Recommended Concentration: 0.5%
Pros: Extremely effective against ticks (one study showed 73.6x reduction in tick bites), long-lasting protection for clothing and gear
Cons: Not for direct skin application, requires pre-treatment of clothing and gear, toxic to cats when wet
Unlike other repellents, permethrin is an insecticide that is applied to clothing, tents, and other gear rather than directly to the skin. It's particularly effective against ticks and should be used as a complement to skin-applied repellents, not as a replacement.
Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus (OLE)
Effectiveness: Moderate (shorter duration than DEET or picaridin)
Recommended Concentration: 30% OLE or PMD (its synthetic form)
Pros: Plant-based option, effective against mosquitoes and ticks
Cons: Strong odor, shorter protection time, not approved for children under 3 on some products
Oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE) and its synthetic derivative PMD offer a plant-based alternative that has been proven effective, albeit for shorter durations than DEET or picaridin. It's a good option for those seeking a more natural approach without sacrificing too much efficacy.
IR3535
Effectiveness: Moderate (more effective against ticks than mosquitoes)
Recommended Concentration: 20%
Pros: Low toxicity profile, effective against ticks
Cons: Can damage plastics, often combined with sunscreen (not recommended)
IR3535 is less commonly known but is gaining recognition for its effectiveness, particularly against ticks. Like DEET, it can affect plastics, and it's often found in combination products with sunscreen, which isn't ideal since sunscreen needs to be applied more frequently than repellent.
Essential Oil-Based Repellents
Effectiveness: Low (very short duration)
Common Ingredients: Citronella, cedar oil, lemongrass, peppermint
Pros: Pleasant smell, all-natural ingredients
Cons: Very limited effectiveness, requires frequent reapplication
While many "natural" repellents market themselves as safer alternatives, they typically provide very limited protection. According to the Environmental Working Group (EWG), "While effectiveness varies, and there may be a few exceptions, most botanicals repel bugs for a short time, if at all."
When selecting an insect repellent for camping, it's important to understand that higher concentrations of active ingredients don't necessarily mean better protection—they often just extend the duration of effectiveness. For example, DEET's efficacy plateaus at around 50% concentration, with higher percentages simply offering longer protection times.
For most camping situations, experts recommend products with 20-30% DEET or 20% picaridin as they provide an optimal balance of effectiveness and duration without unnecessary chemical exposure. If you're in tick-heavy areas, combining a skin-applied repellent with permethrin-treated clothing and gear offers the most comprehensive protection.
As we look at specific product recommendations, keep in mind that the best repellent is the one that works for your specific needs and that you'll actually use consistently. A highly effective formula that you avoid applying due to smell or feel isn't protecting you at all!
Top 5 Insect Repellents for Camping (2025)
After thorough research, testing, and analysis of the latest consumer reports, expert recommendations, and user reviews, I've identified the top five insect repellents that offer superior protection for campers in 2025. These products balance effectiveness, safety, usability, and value to provide the best overall experience for outdoor enthusiasts.
Active Ingredient: 20% Picaridin
Protection Time: Up to 12 hours against mosquitoes and ticks
Form: Pump spray (also available in aerosol)
Why We Love It:
Sawyer's 20% Picaridin repellent consistently tops expert recommendations and user reviews for its perfect balance of effectiveness and comfort. The spray applies evenly with minimal overspray, doesn't feel oily, has virtually no odor once dried, and won't damage your expensive camping gear or clothing. The double-cap design prevents accidental spraying in your pack, and the compact bottle is perfect for backpacking.
Pros:
- Exceptional mosquito and tick protection
- No damage to synthetic fabrics or plastics
- Nearly odorless after drying
- Non-greasy, comfortable feel
- Excellent spray pattern for even coverage
- Double cap for extra protection in your pack
Cons:
- Slight initial odor (dissipates quickly)
- Only available in 4oz pump spray or 6oz aerosol
- Slightly more expensive than basic DEET options
- Can leave slight tackiness initially
User Experience:
"As someone who's tried nearly every repellent on the market, Sawyer's Picaridin is my go-to for camping in mosquito-heavy areas. During a week-long trip in the Boundary Waters, I only needed to apply it once daily, and I stayed bite-free while others in my group were constantly swatting. The non-greasy formula and lack of strong smell make it pleasant to use, and I don't worry about it damaging my expensive gear." - Amazon reviewer
Active Ingredient: 20% Picaridin
Protection Time: Up to 12 hours against mosquitoes and ticks
Form: Trigger spray or pump spray
Why We Love It:
Ranger Ready has quickly become a favorite among serious outdoor enthusiasts. With the same 20% picaridin concentration as our top pick, it offers equivalent protection with some unique advantages. The variety of pleasant scents (Orange, Night Sky, and unscented options) and the trigger spray option make it stand out, providing excellent coverage with less finger fatigue during application.
Pros:
- Multiple pleasant scent options
- Trigger spray provides excellent coverage
- Same effectiveness as our top pick
- Non-greasy formula
- Safe for gear and clothing
- Family-friendly formulation
Cons:
- Slightly higher price point
- Picaridin scent still noticeable beneath fragrances
- Not as compact as some alternatives
- Single cap design (less secure in backpacks)
User Experience:
"I switched to Ranger Ready after years of using DEET products that would melt my watch bands and damage my hiking clothes. The Night Sky scent is subtle and pleasant—almost like a light cologne—and I've found it works just as well as 25% DEET products I used before. During a three-day camping trip in the Adirondacks, I applied it each morning and stayed completely bite-free, even during dawn and dusk hikes when mosquitoes were swarming others." - Reddit user
Active Ingredient: 25% DEET
Protection Time: Up to 10 hours (label claim), realistic 5-6 hours
Form: Aerosol spray
Why We Love It:
For those who prefer a DEET-based repellent, Cutter Backwoods Dry represents the best balance of effectiveness and comfort. Unlike traditional DEET sprays that feel extremely oily, this "dry" formula applies more comfortably and has a less overpowering scent. The 25% DEET concentration provides solid protection against a wide range of insects while still meeting safety guidelines for children (less than 30% DEET).
Pros:
- Proven effectiveness against a wide range of insects
- More comfortable "dry" formula compared to traditional DEET
- Locking cap prevents accidental discharge
- Widely available and affordable
- Resists sweating off during strenuous activity
Cons:
- Still has distinctive DEET smell
- Can damage plastics and synthetic fabrics
- Aerosol application less precise than pump sprays
- Real-world protection time closer to 5 hours than advertised 10
User Experience:
"I've used the Cutter Backwoods Dry formula for years during summer camping trips in northern Minnesota. While I've tried picaridin products, I always come back to this one because it just works reliably for me. The dry formula is much more comfortable than regular DEET sprays, and it holds up well during sweaty hikes. Just be careful around your camping gear—I learned the hard way when it melted part of my watch band. Now I apply it first, let it dry, then gear up." - Amazon reviewer
Active Ingredient: 0.5% Permethrin
Protection Time: Up to 6 weeks or 6 washings on treated clothing/gear
Form: Pump spray or aerosol (for gear treatment only, not for skin)
Why We Love It:
Permethrin isn't a substitute for skin-applied repellents but rather a powerful complementary protection method that dramatically enhances your insect defense system. Sawyer's permethrin treatment creates an invisible shield on clothing and gear that actively kills ticks on contact and repels mosquitoes, providing long-lasting protection through multiple washings. For tick-heavy areas, this product is practically essential.
Pros:
- Exceptional tick protection (73.6x reduction in tick bites in studies)
- Long-lasting protection through multiple washings
- Odorless once dried
- No need to reapply frequently
- Can treat tents, backpacks, camp chairs, and other gear
- Different size options for various treatment needs
Cons:
- Not for direct skin application
- Requires advance preparation (can't be applied spontaneously)
- Needs thorough application for effectiveness
- Toxic to cats when wet (safe once dried)
- Requires complete drying before wearing (2-4 hours)
User Experience:
"After contracting Lyme disease on a camping trip in Pennsylvania two years ago, I now religiously treat all my outdoor clothing and gear with Sawyer Permethrin before trips. The difference is remarkable—I've watched ticks literally fall off my pants before they could attach. I treat a dedicated set of camping clothes, my tent, and even my backpack before each season. Combined with picaridin on exposed skin, I haven't had a single tick attachment since implementing this system." - Quora user
Active Ingredient: 30% Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus (OLE)
Protection Time: Up to 6 hours
Form: Pump spray
Why We Love It:
For those seeking a plant-based alternative to synthetic chemicals, Repel's Lemon Eucalyptus formula stands out as the most effective natural option. Unlike most essential oil repellents that provide minimal protection, this EPA-registered product offers meaningful defense against mosquitoes and ticks. It's a good compromise for those who prefer natural products but still need reliable protection.
Pros:
- Plant-based active ingredient
- Won't damage plastics or synthetic fabrics
- More effective than other "natural" repellents
- EPA-registered for effectiveness
- Safe for clothing and gear
Cons:
- Very strong eucalyptus scent (overwhelming for some)
- Shorter protection time (needs more frequent reapplication)
- Oily feel that requires thorough rubbing in
- Some products not recommended for children under 3
- Less effective than DEET or picaridin options
User Experience:
"I've always been sensitive to DEET and wanted something more natural but still effective. This lemon eucalyptus repellent has been a game-changer for me. Yes, the smell is strong—my camping buddies joke that they can smell me before they see me—but it works surprisingly well. I do need to reapply it more often, usually every 4-5 hours during heavy mosquito activity, but it keeps the bugs away without giving me a headache like DEET does. Just be prepared for the strong scent!" - REI reviewer
When choosing from these top insect repellents, consider your specific needs. For most camping situations, our #1 pick (Sawyer Picaridin) offers the best overall performance with minimal drawbacks. If you're camping in tick-heavy areas, combine a skin-applied repellent with permethrin-treated clothing (#4) for maximum protection. Budget-conscious campers might prefer the Cutter Backwoods Dry (#3), while those seeking natural options should consider the Repel Lemon Eucalyptus (#5).
Remember that all of these products are effective when used correctly, and the best repellent is one that you'll consistently apply during your outdoor adventures.
Safety Considerations for Different User Groups
While insect repellents are generally safe when used as directed, there are important considerations for different user groups. Understanding these precautions will help you choose and use repellents appropriately for everyone in your camping party.
Children
Parents are understandably cautious about applying chemicals to their children's skin. Here are the key considerations:
- The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) considers DEET safe for children over 2 months old, but recommends concentrations of no more than 30%.
- Picaridin is approved by the EPA for use on children as young as 2 months.
- Some Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus (OLE) products are not recommended for children under 3 years due to a lack of research.
- Adults should apply repellent to their own hands first, then apply to children, avoiding eyes, mouth, and hands.
- Do not apply repellent to children's hands (they often put them in their mouths).
- Wash repellent off with soap and water when children return indoors.
- For infants under 2 months, use physical barriers like mosquito netting over carriers instead of chemical repellents.
According to the Pediatrician Mom, "For most camping trips with children, a product containing 20% picaridin offers an excellent balance of safety and effectiveness, with fewer skin irritation concerns than DEET."
Pregnant Women
Pregnant women should take special precautions when using insect repellents:
- The Environmental Working Group (EWG) recommends picaridin at a 20% concentration, or DEET at 20-30% concentration for pregnant women.
- CDC recommends EPA-registered repellents for pregnant women, as the risk of mosquito-borne diseases generally outweighs potential risks from repellents.
- Permethrin-treated clothing can provide additional protection without applying chemicals directly to skin.
- Apply repellents in well-ventilated areas to minimize inhalation.
- Wash treated skin with soap and water when protection is no longer needed.
The CDC states: "Pregnant women should take special care to avoid mosquito bites as certain viruses like Zika can cause birth defects. EPA-registered repellents, including those with DEET, picaridin, and IR3535, can be used by pregnant women when used as directed."
People with Sensitive Skin
Those with sensitive skin or allergies should exercise additional caution:
- Perform a patch test with any new repellent by applying to a small area of skin and waiting 24 hours to check for reactions.
- Picaridin generally causes less skin irritation than DEET, making it a good choice for sensitive individuals.
- Avoid applying repellents to sunburned, cut, wounded, or irritated skin.
- Consider using more physical barriers (long sleeves, pants) and permethrin-treated clothing to reduce the amount of repellent needed on skin.
- Wash treated skin thoroughly when returning indoors.
According to Dr. Sonja Swiger, Associate Professor of Entomology at Texas A&M University: "If you have sensitive skin, picaridin-based repellents typically cause fewer reactions while maintaining excellent effectiveness against insects."
Pets Around Repellents
If you're camping with pets, additional considerations apply:
- Never use human insect repellents on pets—they can be toxic if ingested during grooming.
- Permethrin is highly toxic to cats when wet. Keep cats away from freshly treated clothing and gear until completely dry.
- For dogs, veterinarian-approved repellents and preventatives are available specifically formulated for canine safety.
- Keep repellent containers out of reach of pets, as chewing could release harmful chemicals.
- Allow treated skin to dry completely before petting animals.
Veterinarians recommend: "If camping with pets, use separate pet-specific products recommended by your veterinarian. Human repellents, particularly those containing DEET or permethrin, can cause adverse reactions in pets if they lick treated skin or fur."
General Safety Tips for Everyone
- Always read and follow the product label instructions carefully.
- Apply repellents outdoors, in well-ventilated areas.
- Use only on exposed skin and clothing—never under clothing.
- Do not apply near food, to hands that will handle food, or to wounds or irritated skin.
- Avoid spraying directly on face—apply to hands first, then carefully apply to face.
- Apply sunscreen first, then insect repellent.
- Don't use combination sunscreen/repellent products (different reapplication schedules).
- Wash treated skin with soap and water when protection is no longer needed.
- Store repellents out of reach of children and pets.
- Wash treated clothing before wearing again.
Despite concerns about chemical repellents, the scientific consensus is that EPA-registered insect repellents are safe when used as directed, and their benefits in preventing insect-borne diseases generally outweigh potential risks. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) subjects these products to rigorous testing before approval, evaluating both effectiveness and safety.
For those concerned about DEET specifically, studies have found that serious adverse reactions are extremely rare. According to the EPA's findings, DEET does not present a health concern to the general population, including children, when used according to label instructions. Similarly, picaridin has demonstrated an excellent safety profile in testing.
As Joe Conlon, former technical advisor of the American Mosquito Control Association, notes: "What studies have been done on picaridin have found no connection between its use and any neurotoxicity, carcinogenicity, or mutagenicity." The same is true for properly used DEET products.
Remember that the primary goal of using repellents is to prevent potentially serious diseases transmitted by insects. When weighing safety concerns, consider that insect-borne illnesses like Lyme disease, West Nile virus, and others can have severe, long-lasting health consequences. Using repellents properly is an important preventative health measure for outdoor activities.
Natural Alternatives and DIY Solutions
While EPA-registered repellents containing DEET, picaridin, and oil of lemon eucalyptus provide the most reliable protection, some campers prefer to explore natural alternatives. It's important to note that most natural repellents offer significantly less protection than their synthetic counterparts, often lasting only 20-30 minutes before reapplication is needed. However, they can be useful as supplementary protection or in low-risk areas with minimal insect activity.
Essential Oils with Some Repellent Properties
Citronella Oil
Effectiveness: Moderate, short-lived (30-60 minutes)
Best Use: Supplementary protection in combination with other methods
One of the most well-known natural repellents, citronella can provide some protection against mosquitoes but requires frequent reapplication. Most effective when used in multiple forms simultaneously (candles, torches, personal spray).
Lemongrass Oil
Effectiveness: Moderate, short-lived (20-40 minutes)
Best Use: Personal spray in low-risk areas
Studies have shown lemongrass oil has some repellent properties against certain mosquito species. Its pleasant citrusy scent makes it more appealing than many synthetic options, though protection time is limited.
Peppermint Oil
Effectiveness: Low to moderate (20-30 minutes)
Best Use: Personal comfort, tent/campsite refreshing
The strong scent of peppermint can mask the human odors that attract mosquitoes and may repel some insects. It creates a cooling sensation on the skin and can help make outdoor spaces more comfortable.
Tea Tree Oil
Effectiveness: Low to moderate (15-30 minutes)
Best Use: Personal spray, especially for ticks
Tea tree oil has shown some effectiveness against ticks in particular. Creating a perimeter spray around your tent with tea tree oil solution may help create a barrier against crawling insects.
Lavender Oil
Effectiveness: Low (15-20 minutes)
Best Use: Personal comfort, sleep aid with some repellent benefit
The soothing scent of lavender provides minimal but measurable repellent effects. It's most effective when fresh lavender is burned in campfires, though a diluted spray can provide short-term relief from mosquitoes.
Eucalyptus Oil
Effectiveness: Low (except OLE, which is moderate to high)
Best Use: Personal spray, campsite perimeter
Regular eucalyptus oil provides minimal protection, but Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus (OLE) is EPA-registered and much more effective. Don't confuse standard eucalyptus oil with the more effective OLE products.
DIY Natural Repellent Recipe
For those interested in creating their own natural repellent, here's a recipe that combines several essential oils for improved effectiveness. Remember that this will still require frequent reapplication and doesn't provide the same level of protection as EPA-registered repellents.
Multi-Oil Natural Repellent Spray
Ingredients:
- 10 drops citronella essential oil
- 10 drops lemongrass essential oil
- 10 drops peppermint essential oil
- 5 drops tea tree essential oil
- 5 drops cedarwood essential oil (optional)
- 1/4 cup witch hazel or vodka
- 1/4 cup distilled water
- 1 tsp vegetable glycerin (optional, helps the oils mix with water)
Instructions:
- Add the witch hazel or vodka to a 4oz spray bottle
- Add all essential oils and glycerin if using
- Fill the remainder with distilled water
- Shake well before each use
- Apply every 15-30 minutes for continuous protection
Note: Always perform a patch test before applying extensively. Avoid applying near eyes, mouth, or sensitive areas. Not recommended for children under 3 years old.
Campfire Enhancements for Insect Protection
Campfires naturally help repel insects, and you can enhance this effect by adding certain materials. According to recent studies, these additions can increase the repellent properties of your campfire:
Herbs for the Campfire
- Sage: Creates a strong smoke that repels mosquitoes and other flying insects
- Rosemary: Produces aromatic smoke that masks human scents
- Lavender: Adds pleasant aroma while discouraging insects
- Mint: Particularly effective against flies and ants
Simply toss a handful of fresh or dried herbs onto the fire periodically to release their insect-repelling properties. While not as effective as chemical repellents, this can create a more comfortable zone around your campfire.
Other Natural Campsite Strategies
- Citrus Peels: Burn dried orange, lemon, or grapefruit peels
- Cedar Wood: Naturally repels many insects, especially moths
- Pine Needles: Creates pungent smoke that deters flying insects
- Coffee Grounds: Sprinkle used grounds around campsite perimeter
These methods work best in combination with personal repellents and are most effective in areas with moderate insect pressure. For heavy insect activity, rely primarily on proven EPA-registered repellents.
Important Note on Natural Repellents
While natural alternatives may appeal to those seeking to avoid synthetic chemicals, it's important to understand their limitations:
- Protection time is significantly shorter (often 15-30 minutes vs. 4-12 hours for EPA-registered options)
- Effectiveness varies widely based on individual body chemistry and insect species
- Natural doesn't automatically mean safer—essential oils can cause skin irritation or allergic reactions
- In areas with insect-borne diseases, the protection provided by natural repellents may be inadequate
The Environmental Working Group (EWG) cautions: "While effectiveness varies, and there may be a few exceptions, most botanicals repel bugs for a short time, if at all." In high-risk areas or for extended outdoor activities, EPA-registered repellents remain the most reliable choice.
For the best protection in moderate to high-risk areas, consider using natural methods as a supplementary layer of defense alongside EPA-registered repellents. For example, use picaridin on exposed skin, permethrin on clothing, and enhance your campsite with herbs in the fire and strategic placement of citronella candles or torches.
By combining multiple approaches, you can minimize chemical exposure while still maintaining adequate protection against potentially dangerous insect bites.
Application Tips for Maximum Protection
The effectiveness of any insect repellent depends not just on the active ingredient, but also on proper application. Even the best products can fail if applied incorrectly. Here are comprehensive guidelines to ensure you get maximum protection from your insect repellent during camping trips.
Proper Application Technique
Before Applying
- Apply in open, well-ventilated areas to avoid inhaling spray
- Apply sunscreen first, wait 15 minutes, then apply repellent
- Shake the container well before use
- Read product-specific instructions, as application varies by formulation
Skin Application
- Apply a thin, even layer to all exposed skin
- Hold spray bottles 4-6 inches from skin for even coverage
- Don't spray directly onto face—spray on hands first, then apply to face
- Avoid applying near eyes, mouth, cuts, wounds, or irritated skin
- Don't apply under clothing—only on exposed skin or on top of clothing
- Pay special attention to ankles, wrists, neck, and other thin-skinned areas mosquitoes prefer
- For lotions, use just enough to cover skin with a thin layer
Clothing Application
- Lightly spray outer layer of clothing, especially cuffs, collar, socks, and hat
- Test on small, hidden area first to ensure fabric isn't damaged (especially with DEET)
- Allow repellent to dry before wearing treated clothing
- For maximum protection, use permethrin-treated clothing in addition to skin repellent
After Application
- Wash hands thoroughly after application to avoid transferring to food or eyes
- Don't touch or rub eyes until hands are washed
- Reapply according to product instructions or after swimming/excessive sweating
- Wash treated skin with soap and water when protection is no longer needed
- Wash treated clothing separately before wearing again
Timing is Everything
When to apply repellent can significantly impact effectiveness:
- Apply 15-20 minutes before exposure to allow proper distribution and activation
- For picaridin and DEET sprays, protection begins almost immediately
- For picaridin and DEET lotions, allow 20 minutes before full effectiveness
- For permethrin clothing treatment, apply at least 2-4 hours before needed (time to dry)
- Reapply according to product directions, not when you start getting bitten
Remember that humidity, temperature, and perspiration can affect how long repellents remain effective. In hot, humid conditions or during strenuous activity, you may need to reapply more frequently.
Common Application Mistakes
- Under-application: Using too little repellent provides inadequate protection
- Over-application: More isn't better—follow label instructions
- Irregular coverage: Missing spots creates vulnerability
- Applying to sweaty or wet skin: Reduces effectiveness and absorption
- Applying over lotions or makeup: Can reduce effectiveness
- Relying solely on repellent: Should be part of a comprehensive strategy
- Applying under clothing: Wastes product and increases chemical exposure
Layered Protection Strategy
For maximum protection in high-risk areas, experts recommend a comprehensive, layered approach:
Step 1: Environmental Modifications
- Choose camping sites away from standing water when possible
- Set up in breezy areas—insects struggle in wind over 5 mph
- Use a screened shelter for eating and relaxing
- Eliminate standing water near campsite
- Consider timing—avoid peak mosquito activity (dawn/dusk) when possible
Step 2: Physical Barriers
- Wear light-colored, loose-fitting clothing
- Choose long sleeves and pants when possible
- Use permethrin-treated clothing for enhanced protection
- Wear closed-toe shoes and socks (not sandals)
- Consider a head net in extremely buggy conditions
- Use a tent with intact mesh screens
Step 3: Chemical Protection
- Apply permethrin to clothing, tent, and gear before trip
- Use EPA-registered repellent on exposed skin
- Consider spatial repellents like Thermacell for campsite perimeter
- Use citronella candles, coils, or torches as supplemental protection
- Reapply skin repellent according to label instructions
Repellent Application for Different Camping Activities
Day Hiking
- Apply to exposed skin before leaving camp
- Carry a small bottle for reapplication
- Focus on ankles, wrists, and neck
- Reapply after excessive sweating
Water Activities
- Choose water-resistant formulations
- Reapply after swimming or toweling
- Apply more frequently in humid conditions
- Allow to dry completely before water exposure
Evening Around Camp
- Reapply at dusk (peak mosquito time)
- Supplement with spatial repellents
- Consider head nets if bugs are severe
- Position yourself in campfire smoke
Remember that proper application is just as important as choosing the right repellent. By following these application guidelines and implementing a layered protection strategy, you can dramatically reduce your risk of insect bites and associated diseases during camping trips, allowing you to fully enjoy your outdoor experience.
As Dr. Sonja Swiger notes, "The use of these products provides protection to humans that cannot be achieved by anything else." Take the time to apply repellents correctly, and you'll reap the benefits of effective protection throughout your camping adventure.
My Experience: Field Testing in Various Environments
Over the past five years, I've personally tested dozens of insect repellents across a wide range of camping environments—from the humid, mosquito-infested Boundary Waters of Minnesota to the tick-heavy Appalachian Trail. These firsthand experiences have given me valuable insights beyond laboratory testing and manufacturer claims. Here's what I've learned from real-world use:
The Great DEET Transition
For years, I was a dedicated DEET user. Growing up camping in northern Minnesota, where mosquitoes can be thick enough to inhale, my parents always packed the highest concentration DEET products available. The smell became almost nostalgic—a sign that adventure was about to begin.
However, during a 10-day backcountry trip in 2020, I experienced firsthand the downsides of DEET when my 98% DEET spray leaked in my backpack. It melted part of my nylon rain jacket, damaged my watch band, and made the finish on my trekking poles tacky. While it certainly kept the bugs away, the damage to my gear was significant.
This experience prompted me to explore alternatives, and I began testing picaridin products. The transition wasn't immediate—I was skeptical that anything could match DEET's effectiveness in truly challenging conditions. But after side-by-side testing on several trips, I was convinced: 20% picaridin repellents provided comparable protection without damaging my gear.
Now, I primarily use Sawyer's 20% picaridin spray for most camping trips. The only exception is in extreme conditions where I might still use a DEET product, being extra careful with application and storage.
Permethrin: A Game-Changer for Tick Country
My most dramatic experience came after hiking a section of the Appalachian Trail in Pennsylvania—notorious for its high tick populations—in spring 2022. Despite using a 25% DEET spray, I found three attached ticks during my evening check. This concerning experience led me to research better tick prevention methods.
For my next hike in the same region, I pretreated all my clothing with Sawyer permethrin spray, carefully following the application instructions to saturate the fabric until damp. I also sprayed my backpack, tent, and even my trail runners. After allowing everything to dry completely, I hit the trail again, this time using picaridin on exposed skin.
The difference was remarkable. Over five days in the same tick-heavy region, I found numerous ticks crawling on my permethrin-treated clothing, but they were sluggish and soon fell off. Most importantly, I didn't find a single attached tick during my daily checks. This experience converted me into a firm believer in the permethrin + picaridin combination for tick protection.
I now maintain a dedicated set of "tick country clothes" that I retreat with permethrin at the beginning of each season and before any trips to high-risk areas. The time investment in pre-treating gear has paid off with peace of mind and protection.
Natural Products: Limited Success
I've tried numerous natural repellents over the years, particularly during shoulder seasons when insect pressure is lower. My experiences with these products have been mixed at best.
During a spring camping trip in Colorado's Front Range, I tested a popular essential oil-based repellent containing citronella, lemongrass, and cedar oils. In the cool, dry mountain air with moderate mosquito activity, it seemed to work reasonably well when first applied. However, within 30 minutes, I noticed mosquitoes landing on my arms again. Frequent reapplication (every 20-30 minutes) was necessary to maintain even modest protection.
I've had slightly better results with repellents containing Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus (OLE). During a fall camping trip in the Ozarks, Repel's Lemon Eucalyptus product provided about 3-4 hours of protection—significantly better than other natural options, though still not matching picaridin or DEET. The strong smell was polarizing among my camping group; some found it pleasant, while others complained it was overwhelming in the confined space of our evening campfire circle.
My conclusion on natural repellents: they have their place for short outdoor excursions in areas with low insect pressure, but I wouldn't rely on them for serious protection in high-risk environments or for extended outdoor activities.
Regional Effectiveness Variations
One fascinating pattern I've observed is how repellent effectiveness can vary significantly by region and insect species. What works brilliantly in one environment might perform differently elsewhere.
In the northern woods of Minnesota and Wisconsin, where large, aggressive woodland mosquitoes dominate, higher concentration DEET products (25-30%) and picaridin seem equally effective. However, in Florida's Everglades, I found picaridin slightly outperformed DEET against the smaller salt marsh mosquitoes prevalent there.
For desert camping in Arizona and Utah, where flies and gnats are often more problematic than mosquitoes, picaridin has been my clear preference. It seems particularly effective against the persistent face flies that can make desert camping miserable in certain seasons.
In tick country along the eastern seaboard, nothing has matched the effectiveness of permethrin-treated clothing combined with picaridin on exposed skin. This combination has proven reliable from the southern Appalachians all the way up to Maine's deep woods.
These regional variations highlight why there's no single "best" repellent for all situations. Your destination and the specific insects you'll encounter should inform your repellent choice.
Application Lessons Learned
Perhaps the most valuable insights from my field testing involve application techniques. Even the best repellent will fail if applied incorrectly, and I've learned this lesson the hard way.
During one particularly buggy camping trip in Michigan's Upper Peninsula, I hastily applied repellent before an evening fishing excursion. By skipping my ankles and only applying to my arms and neck, I created a vulnerability that mosquitoes quickly exploited. I ended up with dozens of bites around my ankles and lower legs, despite being well-protected elsewhere.
I've also learned that reapplication timing is crucial. Rather than waiting until I notice bites (too late!), I now set a reminder based on the expected protection time of my repellent. For picaridin, I typically reapply every 8-10 hours, regardless of whether I'm noticing insect activity. This proactive approach has significantly reduced "breakthrough" bites.
Another key lesson: spray pattern matters. After trying numerous bottles and formulations, I've found that pump sprays generally provide more controlled application than aerosols, especially around the face and neck. However, aerosols can be advantageous for quickly treating clothing or for reaching difficult areas like the middle of your back when camping solo.
Based on these real-world experiences across diverse environments, I've developed my current protection strategy: permethrin-treated clothing and gear as the foundation, 20% picaridin spray for exposed skin, and a Thermacell device for the campsite perimeter in high-pressure areas. This multi-layered approach has proven effective in virtually every camping environment I've encountered.
While laboratory testing and expert recommendations are valuable, nothing replaces firsthand experience in real camping conditions. My journey from DEET devotee to picaridin convert reflects both the evolution of available products and a better understanding of the balance between effectiveness, comfort, and gear compatibility.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is DEET dangerous for children?
The American Academy of Pediatrics considers DEET safe for children over 2 months old when used as directed, but recommends using concentrations of no more than 30%. Parents should apply the repellent to their own hands first, then transfer to the child, avoiding eyes, mouth, hands, and any irritated skin. After returning indoors, wash the treated skin with soap and water. For children under 2 months, use physical barriers like mosquito netting rather than chemical repellents.
Research has shown that serious adverse reactions to DEET are extremely rare, and no studies have demonstrated developmental issues with normal use. Many families may prefer picaridin-based repellents for children due to the milder odor and non-greasy feel, but both DEET and picaridin are considered safe when used properly.
How do I choose between DEET and picaridin?
Both DEET and picaridin provide excellent protection against mosquitoes and ticks when used at appropriate concentrations. Your choice might depend on personal preferences and specific needs:
Choose DEET if: you have a history of it working well for you, you need a widely available option that can be found in most stores, or you're on a tight budget (DEET products are often less expensive).
Choose picaridin if: you want a less greasy feel and minimal odor, you're concerned about damage to synthetic clothing or plastic gear, or you're looking for a repellent that's equally effective but with fewer aesthetic drawbacks.
Studies comparing 20% picaridin to comparable DEET concentrations have shown similar effectiveness, with some evidence suggesting picaridin may provide slightly longer protection. Both ingredients are EPA-approved and considered safe when used as directed.
Are higher concentrations of repellent more effective?
Higher concentrations of active ingredients primarily affect duration of protection rather than effectiveness. For example, DEET's repelling effects tend to plateau at around 50% concentration—higher percentages don't repel more insects but may provide longer protection.
For most camping situations, concentrations of 20-30% DEET or 20% picaridin offer an optimal balance of effectiveness and safety. These concentrations typically provide 6-12 hours of protection, which is sufficient for most camping activities with reasonable reapplication schedules.
Extremely high concentrations (like 98-100% DEET) are rarely necessary for typical camping and may increase the risk of side effects or damage to gear without providing meaningfully better protection. When choosing a repellent, consider duration needs rather than assuming higher percentages equate to better protection.
Can I use insect repellent and sunscreen together?
Yes, you can use both insect repellent and sunscreen, but proper application order matters. Always apply sunscreen first, allow it to absorb into your skin (about 15 minutes), and then apply insect repellent on top. This sequence ensures both products work effectively without interference.
Avoid using combination products that contain both sunscreen and repellent in a single formula. The problem with these products is that sunscreen should be reapplied every 2 hours, while repellents are typically effective for much longer. Using a combination product could result in either inadequate sun protection or unnecessary overexposure to repellent chemicals.
If you need to reapply sunscreen while wearing repellent, apply the sunscreen carefully over the repellent. After swimming or excessive sweating, you'll likely need to reapply both products, following the same sequence: sunscreen first, then repellent after the sunscreen dries.
What's the difference between repellent sprays, lotions, and wipes?
The primary differences between repellent formulations involve application method, protection duration, and convenience:
Sprays offer quick, easy application and can be applied to clothing as well as skin. Pump sprays provide more controlled application, while aerosols cover larger areas faster but with more potential for overspray. Sprays typically dry quickly and are ideal for quick reapplication during activities.
Lotions generally provide longer-lasting protection than comparable sprays (up to 14 hours for 20% picaridin lotions vs. 12 hours for sprays). They're less likely to evaporate quickly and can be precisely applied, making them good for face application or use with children. The downside is they take about 20 minutes to become fully effective and cannot be applied to clothing.
Wipes offer excellent portability and convenience for travel or quick application. They're TSA-friendly and provide good control for application around the face and neck. However, they generate more waste and may not cover large areas as efficiently as sprays.
All formulations can be effective when properly applied. Your choice might depend on specific needs: sprays for general use and clothing, lotions for extended protection, and wipes for travel convenience.
How does permethrin differ from other insect repellents?
Permethrin differs fundamentally from repellents like DEET and picaridin in several important ways:
Application target: Unlike DEET and picaridin, permethrin is not designed for direct skin application. Instead, it's applied to clothing, tents, backpacks, and other gear.
Mode of action: While DEET and picaridin repel insects by interfering with their ability to detect humans, permethrin actually kills ticks and mosquitoes on contact by attacking their nervous systems.
Duration: Permethrin provides much longer protection—up to 6 washings or 6 weeks on treated items—compared to the hours of protection from skin repellents.
Complementary use: Permethrin is designed to be used alongside skin repellents, not instead of them. The ideal protection system uses permethrin-treated clothing plus DEET or picaridin on exposed skin.
Studies have shown remarkable effectiveness against ticks in particular, with one finding that subjects wearing permethrin-treated footwear were 73.6 times less likely to have a tick bite than those with untreated shoes. For camping in tick-heavy areas, permethrin treatment of clothing and gear is one of the most effective preventative measures available.
Video Guide: How to Choose the Best Insect Repellent
Video: Consumer Reports presents their testing and recommendations for the best insect repellents of 2025, including demonstration of their testing methods and top picks.
Conclusion
Choosing the right insect repellent for your camping adventure is more than a matter of comfort—it's an important health consideration that can protect you from potentially serious insect-borne diseases. Throughout this guide, we've explored the science behind effective repellents, detailed reviews of the top products, and practical advice for maximum protection.
Based on extensive research and testing, the clear standout for most camping situations is Sawyer Products 20% Picaridin Insect Repellent, offering an optimal balance of effectiveness, comfort, and gear safety. Its non-greasy formula, minimal odor, and reliable protection against both mosquitoes and ticks make it the ideal choice for most campers.
For those camping in high-risk tick areas, adding Sawyer Permethrin Fabric Treatment to your protection strategy provides an exceptional additional layer of defense. The one-two punch of permethrin-treated clothing and picaridin on exposed skin represents the gold standard in comprehensive insect protection.
Remember that proper application is just as important as choosing the right product. Apply repellents in well-ventilated areas, use a thin layer on all exposed skin, reapply according to product instructions, and wash off when protection is no longer needed.
While natural alternatives may appeal to some campers, it's important to recognize their limitations. Products containing Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus (like our #5 pick, Repel Plant-Based Lemon Eucalyptus) offer the best protection among natural options, but still require more frequent reapplication than DEET or picaridin.
For families camping with children, both picaridin and DEET (at concentrations of 30% or less) are considered safe for children over 2 months old when used as directed. Parents might prefer picaridin's milder sensory profile, but either option provides reliable protection when properly applied.
Ultimately, the best insect repellent is one that you'll actually use consistently. Consider your specific needs, the environment you'll be camping in, and your personal preferences when making your selection. By taking insect protection seriously and implementing the strategies outlined in this guide, you can enjoy your camping adventures with fewer bites and greater peace of mind.
Don't let insects ruin your outdoor experience—with the right repellent properly applied, you can focus on the beauty and joy of camping rather than swatting, scratching, and worrying about bugs. Happy camping!
Related Resources at NatureGuests.com
- Comprehensive Guide to Insect Repellents: Learn more about how different repellents work
- Best Insect Repellent for Camping: Updated information and new product releases
- Natural Insect Repellent Options: Explore plant-based alternatives
- Insect Repellent for Kids: Special considerations for young campers
- DEET vs. Picaridin Insect Repellent: Detailed comparison of the two most effective ingredients
- Insect Repellent for Sensitive Skin: Options for those with skin concerns
- Long-Lasting Insect Repellent Spray: Products that minimize reapplication needs
- Insect Repellent for Hiking Trips: Specialized recommendations for hikers
- Insect Repellent Clothing Treatments: Detailed guide to permethrin and other fabric treatments
- Insect Repellent for Tropical Travel: Protection in high-risk disease areas
- Homemade Insect Repellent Recipes: DIY options for customized protection
- Insect Repellent Safe for Pets: Protecting your furry camping companions
- Travel-Size Insect Repellent: Compact options for backpackers and travelers